Comparison of Biomechanical Variables of the Straight Front Somersault with Two Twists on the Floor Exercise between Iraqi and Iranian National Team Gymnasts

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze and compare the biomechanical variables associated with the performance of the straight front somersault with two twists on the floor exercise between Iraqi and Iranian artistic gymnastics national team athletes. The descriptive survey method was adopted, and the sample consisted of six Iraqi national team gymnasts and one Iranian gymnast who was intentionally selected based on federation rankings. Motion analysis techniques were applied using Kinovea and Tracker software, in addition to the Dynafoot force measurement system, to extract key kinematic and kinetic variables, including joint angles, angular velocity, center of mass height, flight time, take-off force, and impact force. Data were statistically analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and independent t-test to identify differences between the two groups. The results indicated clear differences between the two teams in several biomechanical variables, particularly take-off force, joint angles, and center of mass height, with the Iranian gymnast demonstrating superior biomechanical efficiency in force production and movement control. However, some variables showed no statistically significant differences, indicating similarity in certain phases of execution. The study concluded that biomechanical variables—especially take-off force, joint angles, and center of mass height—are critical determinants of performance quality in this skill. It recommends integrating biomechanical analysis into training programs to enhance performance efficiency and correct technical errors.