Auras Journal of Sports Sciences
type: channel
description: Auras Journal of Sports Sciences The Auras Journal of Sports Sciences is a peer-reviewed international journal published by the Laboratory of Technological Sciences for Educational Sports Activities – Batna2 University. Issued semiannually, it publishes specialized research in sports sciences in Arabic, English, and French, open to researchers worldwide. The journal has an international editorial board that reviews submissions, provides recommendations, and contributes its own research. The board is committed to advancing scientific research to the highest standards of quality while fostering excellence and innovation in the field of physical activity and sports sciences. Journal Information Electronic International Standard Serial Number: (e-ISSN) : 2992-0760 Print International Standard Serial Number: (ISSN) : 2830-9987 Frequency : Biannual (two issues per year). Publisher : Laboratory of Technological Sciences for Educational Sports Activities – Batna2 University, Algeria. Year of Establishment: 2023. Access Type: Open Access. Peer Review System : Double-blind Peer Review. Languages of Publication : Arabic, English, and French. Mail: journal.lstase@univ-batna2.dz Website: https://ojs.univ-batna2.dz/index.php/ajss/en
language: en
publication name: Auras Journal of Sports Sciences
issn: 2830-9987
items: The Impact of Compound Exercises Using Assistive Training Aids on the Development of Selected Defensive Movements and the Jump Shot Skill in Junior Handball Players
items: Sports finance governance and its impact on the financial sustainability of professional clubs
items: The Impact of Transition Training on Developing Collective Tactical Synchronization Among Under-21 Football Players
items: The Effect of Skill Performance Endurance Exercises Accompanied by Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation on Some Physiological Variables of Advanced Taekwondo Players
items: Comparison of Biomechanical Variables of the Straight Front Somersault with Two Twists on the Floor Exercise between Iraqi and Iranian National Team Gymnasts
items: Contribution of Kinematic Variables to 100 m Breaststroke Performance
items: Development of a Predictive Classification Model Using Artificial Neural Networks Based on Selected Biomotor Abilities in Foil Fencing Students
items: The Effectiveness of Kagan's Strategy in Developing and Retaining Cognitive Competence in Volleyball for Second-Year Students
items: The effect of repeated bouncing exercises with aids on developing explosive power in the legs and first flight performance on the vaulting table in artistic gymnastics for students
items: Construction and Validation of a Social Interaction Scale for Futsal Players Based on Modern Psychometric Models
items: The effect of a rehabilitation program using aquatic environment and magnetic field in relieving lower back pain and improving muscle balance in the lumbosacral region of injured handball players
items: Building and standardizing the accuracy test of the Recurve bow for athletes with disabilities
items: The phenomenological expertise of the elite quartet in light of the charismatic leadership of their coaches
items: The Effect of Educational Exercises Based on the Flipped Classroom Strategy on the Mastery of Selected Floor Exercise Skills in Gymnastics
items: Attitudes of physical education supervisors toward the developed physical education textbook for the tenth grade in the ministry of education in Jordan
items: Kinematic analysis of the inverted dive (B) from the 5m platform as a basis for developing qualitative gymnastics exercises
items: Cyberbullying : conceptual reading
items: Determining selective standard levels for evaluating some anthropometric measurements and physical characteristics for selecting a school handball team (15-17 years)
items: The Effect of a Physical Training Program on Children with Diabetes in Khartoum State
items: The role of Palestinian sports media in spreading health, social and national culture among Palestinian university students in light of the Israeli wars
items: The role of sports activity in improving the psychological well-being of students with special needs - Field study at the University of M'sila –
items: The extent to which the objectives of physical education and sports for primary school students are achieved according to the new curriculum, version 2023
items: The Reality of Sports Practice in Primary Education
items: The Reality of Sports Activities Adopted in Kindergarten Programs and Their Contribution to Achieving Social Integration among Children Aged 3–5 Years
items: The Historical Evolution and Importance of Adapted Physical and Sports Activities for People with Disabilities in Algeria
items: Heat-Related Injuries in Football Players: Causes, Symptoms, and Solutions
items: The importance of sports in reducing aggressive behavior among primary school children
items: The Role of Biomechanical Analysis in Enhancing Athletic Performance and Reducing Injuries
items: Eating Behaviors, Physical Activity, and Health
items: Setting standard levels for the evaluation of health-related fitness items for schoolchildren

The Impact of Compound Exercises Using Assistive Training Aids on the Development of Selected Defensive Movements and the Jump Shot Skill in Junior Handball Players
type: item
description: This study aimed to investigate the effect of compound exercises using assistive training aids on developing selected defensive movements and the jump shot skill among junior handball players. The researcher employed an experimental design with two equivalent groups (experimental and control) using pre- and post-tests. The sample consisted of 20 junior handball players from a specialized handball training center, randomly assigned into two groups of 10 players each. The experimental group followed a training program based on compound exercises using assistive training aids for 10 weeks, with three training sessions per week, while the control group continued with the conventional training program. Data were collected through a defensive movement response test and a jump shot accuracy test and analyzed using SPSS software. The results revealed statistically significant improvements in both groups in favor of the post-tests, with the experimental group achieving superior performance compared to the control group in the post-test measurements. The study concluded that compound exercises using assistive training aids are effective in enhancing defensive movements and the jump shot skill among junior handball players.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Compound Exercises ; Assistive Training Aids ; Defensive Movements ; Jump Shot Skill ; Handball ; Junior Players
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmed Salman Jasim
creator: Ziyad Aneed Salman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-05
publication date: 2026-07-05
starting page: 115
ending page: 200
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.21182452

Sports finance governance and its impact on the financial sustainability of professional clubs
type: item
description: This study investigated the determinants of fiscal sustainability and its correlation with funding mechanisms within professional sports environments. Utilizing an analytical methodology, the research conducted a comparative assessment of four models with varying degrees of financial solvency: Al-Hilal, Al-Wehda, Real Madrid, and Sevilla. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach, extrapolating data from official documents, financial statements, and published statistical indicators to deconstruct fundamental variances in resource allocation efficiency and levels of fiscal discipline. The selected case studies were determined based on a multi-criteria matrix, including revenue structure, operating expense ratios, and credit obligations. The findings indicate that financial abundance alone does not guarantee long-term viability; rather, success is contingent upon the governance of financial management and the ability to equilibrate expenditures with actual cash flows. The results further demonstrated that clubs with significant financial leverage achieve higher sustainability when integrating investment diversification with rigorous oversight. Conversely, clubs with limited resources remained vulnerable to economic shocks resulting from a reliance on unsustainable funding sources.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Sports finance; Financial sustainability; Professional sports clubs; Financial governance; Financial fair play
  topic: keywords
creator: Ebrahim Ahmed Khaloufa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-05
publication date: 2026-07-05
starting page: 169
ending page: 147
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.21182562

The Impact of Transition Training on Developing Collective Tactical Synchronization Among Under-21 Football Players
type: item
description: This study aimed to investigate the effect of transition training on the development of collective tactical synchronization among Under-21 football players. The researcher adopted an experimental approach due to its suitability for the nature of the study. A training program based on offensive and defensive transition drills was implemented. The study sample consisted of Under-21 football players, and specific tests and indicators were used to assess the level of collective tactical synchronization before and after the implementation of the training program. The results revealed statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in favor of the post-test, indicating the effectiveness of transition training in enhancing tactical coordination and cooperation among players during various match situations. The study concluded that transition training is an effective training method for developing collective tactical synchronization and improving team performance among young football players.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: : Transition Training ; Collective Tactical Synchronization; Football; Tactical Performance; Under-21 Players
  topic: keywords
creator: Khwaibar1 Khalid Habeeb
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-05
publication date: 2026-07-05
starting page: 228
ending page: 216
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.21182276

The Effect of Skill Performance Endurance Exercises Accompanied by Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation on Some Physiological Variables of Advanced Taekwondo Players
type: item
description: The study aimed to identify the effect of skill performance endurance exercises accompanied by creatine monohydrate supplementation on certain physiological, physical, and motor variables among advanced Taekwondo players. The researcher used the experimental method with two experimental groups due to its suitability to the nature of the research problem. The research population consisted of Premier League Taekwondo players in Baghdad Governorate for the 2024–2025 season, totaling (30) players representing the clubs of Al-Shorta, Al-Karkh, Al-Amanah, and Al-Kahrabaa. The main sample consisted of (16) players selected randomly and divided equally into two experimental groups, with (8) players in each group, while (8) players were assigned for the pilot study. The first experimental group performed skill performance endurance exercises accompanied by creatine monohydrate supplementation, whereas the second experimental group performed the same exercises without supplementation. The training program lasted for (8) weeks with three training sessions per week. The tests included endurance of front and back circular kicks performance, speed-strength, coordination, motor balance, and physiological variables including heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and LDH enzyme levels.The results showed significant differences in favor of the first experimental group in physical abilities and skill performance endurance, indicating the effectiveness of skill endurance exercises accompanied by creatine monohydrate supplementation in improving the physical and physiological performance of Taekwondo players. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in some motor abilities such as balance and coordination. The researcher recommended the inclusion of skill performance endurance exercises accompanied by nutritional supplements within Taekwondo training programs and conducting similar studies on different samples and age groups.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Skill Performance Endurance, Creatine Monohydrate, Taekwondo, Physiological Variables, Physical Abilities
  topic: keywords
creator: Thaer Fadl Alwan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-05
publication date: 2026-07-05
starting page: 146
ending page: 129
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.21183183

Comparison of Biomechanical Variables of the Straight Front Somersault with Two Twists on the Floor Exercise between Iraqi and Iranian National Team Gymnasts
type: item
description: This study aimed to analyze and compare the biomechanical variables associated with the performance of the straight front somersault with two twists on the floor exercise between Iraqi and Iranian artistic gymnastics national team athletes. The descriptive survey method was adopted, and the sample consisted of six Iraqi national team gymnasts and one Iranian gymnast who was intentionally selected based on federation rankings. Motion analysis techniques were applied using Kinovea and Tracker software, in addition to the Dynafoot force measurement system, to extract key kinematic and kinetic variables, including joint angles, angular velocity, center of mass height, flight time, take-off force, and impact force. Data were statistically analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and independent t-test to identify differences between the two groups. The results indicated clear differences between the two teams in several biomechanical variables, particularly take-off force, joint angles, and center of mass height, with the Iranian gymnast demonstrating superior biomechanical efficiency in force production and movement control. However, some variables showed no statistically significant differences, indicating similarity in certain phases of execution. The study concluded that biomechanical variables—especially take-off force, joint angles, and center of mass height—are critical determinants of performance quality in this skill. It recommends integrating biomechanical analysis into training programs to enhance performance efficiency and correct technical errors.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Artistic gymnastics; biomechanical analysis; front somersault; kinematic variables; motor performance
  topic: keywords
creator: Sarmad Qais Nadji Djalil
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-05
publication date: 2026-07-05
starting page: 89
ending page: 71
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.21183072

Contribution of Kinematic Variables to 100 m Breaststroke Performance
type: item
description: This study aimed to analyze the contribution of selected kinematic variables to 100 m breaststroke performance among swimmers of the Iraqi Youth National Team. A descriptive survey design was employed, and the study sample consisted of eight purposively selected breaststroke swimmers. Performance and kinematic data were collected and statistically analyzed using SPSS. The results revealed statistically significant relationships between several kinematic variables and 100 m breaststroke performance. Performance in the first 50 m was positively associated with horizontal push-off distance, knee joint angle, ankle angular velocity, and glide time, while a negative relationship was found with horizontal toe acceleration. Similarly, performance in the second 50 m showed significant positive correlations with several variables related to limb motion and center-of-mass mechanics, whereas negative correlations were observed with selected acceleration and angular velocity variables. The study concluded that a number of kinematic variables constitute important determinants of breaststroke performance, highlighting the value of biomechanical analysis in evaluating technical performance and guiding training programs toward the development of the variables that contribute most effectively to athletic achievement.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Biomechanics; Kinematics; Athletic Performance; Swimming; 100 m Breaststroke
  topic: keywords
creator: Khudhair Mohammed Safi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-05
publication date: 2026-07-05
starting page: 250
ending page: 229
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.21182164

Development of a Predictive Classification Model Using Artificial Neural Networks Based on Selected Biomotor Abilities in Foil Fencing Students
type: item
description: This study aimed to develop a predictive classification model based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to identify skill performance levels in foil fencing using selected biomotor abilities. The researchers adopted a descriptive survey approach on a purposive sample of (70) students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Karbala during the academic year (2025–2026). Participants underwent a standardized battery of physical and motor tests designed to assess biomotor abilities associated with fencing performance. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) technique was employed to identify the most significant predictive variables. Subsequently, a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network model with a single hidden layer was developed to classify skill performance levels. The results revealed statistically significant differences in biomotor abilities among participants, indicating their substantial contribution to predicting skill performance in foil fencing. The ANN model demonstrated acceptable classification performance, achieving prediction accuracy rates ranging from 64% to 71%. The model also showed greater efficiency in distinguishing extreme performance levels compared with intermediate levels. These findings highlight the effectiveness of integrating machine learning techniques, particularly artificial neural networks, in enhancing the objectivity of sports talent identification and improving evidence-based training program design. The study recommends increasing sample sizes, incorporating psycho-cognitive variables, and employing deeper neural network architectures in future research to improve predictive accuracy and model generalizability
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Neural Networks ; Biomotor Abilities ; Foil Fencing, Skill Performance, Machine Learning ; Sports Classification.
  topic: keywords
creator: Haider Qais Naji Jalil
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-05
publication date: 2026-07-05
starting page: 199
ending page: 182
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.21183293

The Effectiveness of Kagan's Strategy in Developing and Retaining Cognitive Competence in Volleyball for Second-Year Students
type: item
description: The importance of this study stems from its attempt to employ Kagan's strategy in teaching volleyball to second-year students, aiming to develop and retain their cognitive competence. This contributes to the development of their mental and skill-based abilities and enhances the quality of the educational process in the field of physical education. Based on this observation, the researchers believe that addressing this problem can be achieved by employing Kagan's cooperative learning strategy, given its prominent role in developing cognitive competence and retaining acquired information and skills. The researchers compared the results of students who studied using Kagan's strategy with their peers who studied using the traditional method in the post-test. The researchers adopted the experimental method as it is the most suitable for the nature of this study, as it allows for controlling variables and comparing results scientifically and accurately. The researchers selected the main sample from students in section (C) using simple random sampling (lottery), with a number of (24) students, representing (36%) of the total study population. The most important conclusion was that the strategy helped enhance students' ability to retain and recall information better through interaction. Group learning and active participation in educational activities are key recommendations, including adopting Kagan's strategy for teaching volleyball due to its clear impact on developing and retaining cognitive skills among students
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Kagan's strategy; cognitive skills; volleyball.
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammed Kareem Ghayth
creator: Shakir Ali Sadiq
creator: Nuhay Yousif Hashim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-05
publication date: 2026-07-05
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.21192252

The effect of repeated bouncing exercises with aids on developing explosive power in the legs and first flight performance on the vaulting table in artistic gymnastics for students
type: item
description: The This study aimed to investigate the effect of repeated rebound exercises using assistive tools on developing the explosive power of the legs and improving the performance of the first flight phase on the vaulting table in artistic gymnastics among students. The importance of the study lies in the fact that explosive power is considered one of the essential physical requirements for successful skill performance, especially in vaulting skills that largely depend on the take-off and flight phases. The research problem was represented by an observed weakness in the take-off and first flight phases among students, manifested in insufficient push-off from the springboard, low flight height, and failure to achieve the appropriate take-off angle for the support phase. This weakness negatively affected overall skill performance, leading to frequent technical errors and lower evaluation scores. The experimental method was adopted in this study. The research population consisted of third-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, جامعة الكوفة. A sample of (20) students was selected and subjected to pre- and post-tests. The results showed that repeated rebound exercises using assistive tools significantly contributed to developing the explosive power of the legs and improving the performance of the first flight phase among the participants. In light of these findings, the study recommends incorporating repeated rebound exercises with assistive tools into artistic gymnastics educational units due to their positive role in enhancing students’ physical and technical performance levels.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Repeated rebound; explosive power; assistive exercises; vault table; first flight; artistic gymnastics.
  topic: keywords
creator: وائل عباس عبد الحسين
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-05
publication date: 2026-07-05
starting page: 128
ending page: 119
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.2119229

Construction and Validation of a Social Interaction Scale for Futsal Players Based on Modern Psychometric Models
type: item
description: The study aimed to develop and standardize a Social Interaction Scale for futsal players representing the Middle Euphrates universities based on modern psychometric models. It also sought to examine the scale's psychometric properties, including validity, reliability, internal consistency, and discriminative power, as well as establish normative levels for interpreting players' scores. The researcher adopted the descriptive survey method. The study population and sample consisted of 96 futsal players representing the Middle Euphrates universities during the 2025–2026 academic season. The final version of the scale included 14 items designed according to a five-point Likert scale. The results revealed that the scale demonstrated high levels of validity, reliability, internal consistency, and item discrimination, confirming its suitability for measuring social interaction among futsal players. Furthermore, normative levels were established to facilitate score interpretation and player classification according to their social interaction levels. The study concluded that the scale constitutes a valid scientific tool for psychological assessment and evaluation in sports settings and recommends its use in university sports environments, talent identification, and psychological counseling programs.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Social Interaction; Psychometric Assessment; Futsal; Standardization; Modern Psychometric Models.
  topic: keywords
creator: ميادة فيصل توفيق جعفر
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-05
publication date: 2026-07-05
starting page: 118
ending page: 105
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.21192272

The effect of a rehabilitation program using aquatic environment and magnetic field in relieving lower back pain and improving muscle balance in the lumbosacral region of injured handball players
type: item
description: Most studies addressing lower back pain have focused solely on therapeutic exercises, varying in type, intensity, and frequency, without offering a comprehensive rehabilitation program that integrates exercises and therapeutic devices as part of a holistic treatment plan. Regarding the study's methodology and field procedures, the researchers adopted an experimental approach with a sample of 18 patients suffering from lower back pain, employing a controlled experimental design. The experimental group consisted of six individuals divided into three subgroups. The results demonstrated that the aquatic rehabilitation exercises designed by the researchers significantly improved flexibility and increased muscle strength. A key recommendation is the necessity of integrating aquatic rehabilitation exercises with therapeutic modalities such as magnetic fields, and implementing this integration in hospitals and physical therapy centers to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Aquatic exercises; therapeutic methods; spinal anatomy.
  topic: keywords
creator: د سامر مهدي محمد صالح
creator: مصطفى زهير سهام كاظم
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-05
publication date: 2026-07-05
starting page: 56
ending page: 38
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.21182808

Building and standardizing the accuracy test of the Recurve bow for athletes with disabilities
type: item
description: The importance of the study lies in the fact that the Recurve bow requires high skill in accuracy of aiming, which is one of the most important indicators in determining the level of the player. However, standardized tools and tests for people with disabilities remain limited, necessitating the development of a scientific test that considers the characteristics of this group and meets scientific measurement standards. This is crucial for developing this important segment of society and providing national teams and youth clubs with valuable players. Therefore, the research problem is defined as: the absence of a standardized test for measuring archery accuracy (Recurve) among athletes with disabilities, and the need to develop a valid, reliable, and objective test that can be practically applied in the sports field. The research also aims to establish levels for testing archery accuracy (Recurve) among young athletes with disabilities in Iraq. The researcher adopted a descriptive approach with a constructivist methodology, as it is suitable for the study's objectives, which are to develop and standardize an archery accuracy (Recurve) test for athletes with disabilities. The study population consists of players from clubs and subcommittees participating in the 2024-2025 Iraqi Archery Championship for People with Disabilities, totaling (4) clubs and (7) committees. (6) Players from each club and committee, totaling (66) players, were evaluated. The standardized scoring system allowed for the classification of players into performance levels (Excellent – Very Good – Good – Average – Weak), thus enhancing the accuracy of the assessment. The proposed test was adopted as the official tool for evaluating the performance level of archers with disabilities.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Standardization; Archery; People with Disabilities.
  topic: keywords
creator: علي احمد محمد صالح
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-05
publication date: 2026-07-05
starting page: 104
ending page: 90
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.21183148

The phenomenological expertise of the elite quartet in light of the charismatic leadership of their coaches
type: item
description: This study investigates the phenomenological experience of elite weightlifters and examines the role of coaches' charismatic leadership in shaping that experience. Drawing on Merleau-Ponty's existential-phenomenological framework, which conceives consciousness as always directed toward an intentional object, the research argues that athletic performance in weightlifting constitutes an integrated lived experience uniting body, mind, and environment - one that cannot be reduced to biomechanical output alone. The study employed a composite research design combining descriptive-correlational methods, psychometric scale development, and between-group difference analysis to address its multifaceted objectives. This deliberate integration of qualitative philosophical grounding with quantitative measurement tools is epistemologically justified by the growing tradition of operationalising phenomenological constructs through standardised instruments in sport psychology research. The research population comprised all Iraqi Central Weightlifting Federation-accredited coaches (n=28) and elite weightlifters who qualified for the 2025–2026 Iraqi Clubs Championship (n = 104, representing 20 clubs). The full sample participated in the study (28 coaches; 96 weightlifters; response rate = 92.3%). Two purpose-built five-point Likert scales were constructed and validated through expert panel review, internal consistency analysis (item-total Pearson correlation), and discriminant validity using extreme-groups comparison. Reliability was established using split-half coefficients corrected by the Spearman–Brown formula, and Cronbach's alpha (α=0.91 for the phenomenological experience scale; α= 0.93 for the charismatic leadership scale). Results indicate that elite weightlifters' phenomenological experience is characterised by profound affective and cognitive depth, with self-awareness intertwined with feelings of confidence and belonging. Coaches exhibiting a charismatic leadership style w…
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Phenomenological experience; elite weightlifters; charismatic leadership; sport psychology; scale development.
  topic: keywords
creator: عباس ادريس نور الغرابي
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-05
publication date: 2026-07-05
starting page: 70
ending page: 57
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.21183019

The Effect of Educational Exercises Based on the Flipped Classroom Strategy on the Mastery of Selected Floor Exercise Skills in Gymnastics
type: item
description: Floor gymnastics is one of the sports events that require high accuracy in motor performance, as well as the need to gradually learn basic skills according to modern educational methods that take into account individual differences between students. Also, traditional methods may not achieve the desired interaction or give the student enough time to understand the details of the technical performance of the movement. Hence the importance of adopting the inverse row strategy in teaching floor gymnastics skills the study aimed to identify the impact of the inverse row strategy in learning some floor gymnastics skills among students of the Faculty of physical education and sports sciences. The researcher used the experimental curriculum on a sample of students of the second stage, Faculty of physical education and sports sciences, Qadisiyah University, numbering ( 30 ) students, who were distributed to two experimental and control groups, with (15 ) students per group, after the two groups were equalized in the study variables, the educational program was applied to the experimental group for ( 8 ) week, with (2) educational units per week according to the inverse class strategy, where students were provided with educational materials (educational videos and video explanation) before the lecture time, while the lesson time was allocated for practical application, feedback, correction mistakes. Through the results, the researcher concluded that the inverse class strategy contributed to improving the learning of floor gymnastics skills.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: educational exercises; reverse class; floor gymnastics skills.
  topic: keywords
creator: حسام ياسين خضر راضي
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-05
publication date: 2026-07-05
starting page: 37
ending page: 25
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.21182625

Attitudes of physical education supervisors toward the developed physical education textbook for the tenth grade in the ministry of education in Jordan
type: item
description: The purpose of this study was to explore the attitudes of physical education supervisors toward the newly developed physical education textbook for the tenth grade. This was done by evaluating the main components of the textbook which included objectives, content, educational activities, assessment methods, and aesthetic and visual design. The study sample consisted of 62 supervisors who responded to a questionnaire developed by the researchers. The results indicated that supervisors’ attitudes were positive and at a high level across all subscales. The content subscale ranked first, followed by graphic and artistic design subscale, while the subscales of objectives, educational activities, and assessment methods recorded closely similar mean scores, all within the high level. The results also indicated no statistically significant differences in supervisors’ attitudes attributed to age, experience, or academic qualification. However, statistically significant differences appeared in the subscale of educational activities, in favor of male supervisors. The study recommended continuing the development of the physical education textbook based on scientific bases, designing diverse educational activities, and providing the necessary facilities and resources in alignment with the developed textbook and curriculum.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Keywords: attitudes; supervisor; developed textbook; developed curriculum; physical education; Jordan.
  topic: keywords
creator: زياد لطفي الطحاينة
creator: عبد الباسط مبارك الشرمان
creator: عامر نزيه الحميد
creator: عبد الله عساف
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-05-07
publication date: 2026-05-07
starting page: 24
ending page: 01
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.21183237

Kinematic analysis of the inverted dive (B) from the 5m platform as a basis for developing qualitative gymnastics exercises
type: item
description: This study aims to provide fundamental scientific data to improve reverse diving performance through kinematic analysis and to use its findings as a basis for designing a specific gymnastics-based training program. To achieve this objective, the reverse dive (B) performed by five athletes from the Saudi National Diving Team was recorded and analyzed using a two-dimensional kinematic analysis with the Kinovea software. The results revealed that successful execution of the reverse dive requires a rapid vertical elevation of the body's center of mass, increased joint angles during the take-off phase, full extension of the knee and ankle joints, and rapid flexion of the hip joint immediately after take-off. The findings also indicated that correcting these technical and biomechanical positions through repeated land-based training can contribute significantly to improving performance in the 5-meter platform reverse dive. Based on the kinematic analysis results and the investigated kinematic variables, a specific gymnastics training program was developed to enhance the movement and biomechanical requirements associated with optimal reverse diving performance.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Kinematic Analysis; Reverse Dive; Kinovea; Vertical Velocity.
  topic: keywords
creator: د. قاسم محمد صياح
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-15
publication date: 2026-06-15
starting page: 75
ending page: 61

Cyberbullying : conceptual reading
type: item
description: This study aims to highlight cyberbullying as one of the most significant contemporary psychosocial issues associated with the rapid development of technology and the widespread use of digital communication tools and social media platforms. The study seeks to identify the concept of cyberbullying and its major forms, examine its psychological and social consequences, and present the most important strategies for prevention and intervention. To achieve these objectives, the descriptive-analytical approach was adopted through a review and analysis of relevant literature and previous studies related to cyberbullying. The study addressed the concept of bullying and its various forms, explored the definition, characteristics, and patterns of cyberbullying, and examined the similarities and differences between traditional bullying and cyberbullying. In addition, several theoretical perspectives explaining this phenomenon were reviewed. The findings revealed that cyberbullying represents a modern extension of traditional aggressive behavior; however, it is characterized by a broader reach and greater difficulty of control due to the nature of the digital environment in which it occurs. The results also indicated that exposure to cyberbullying is associated with numerous negative psychological outcomes, including anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, feelings of helplessness, and social isolation, and may even contribute to suicidal ideation among some victims. Furthermore, the study emphasized the importance of integrating educational, familial, media, and legal efforts to prevent cyberbullying and mitigate its adverse effects on individuals and society.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: bullying; cyber bullying; psychological social problems; coronavirus pandemic.
  topic: keywords
creator: فنيخ يعقوب
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-15
publication date: 2026-06-15
starting page: 60
ending page: 52

Determining selective standard levels for evaluating some anthropometric measurements and physical characteristics for selecting a school handball team (15-17 years)
type: item
description: This study aimed to establish normative standards for evaluating selected anthropometric measurements and physical fitness attributes for the selection of a school handball team among students aged 15–17 years at Barika El Jadida Secondary School, Batna Province, Algeria. These standards were developed using a scientific and standardized approach, with the participation of university academics, handball specialists, and experienced coaches from different regions of the country. The researcher adopted the descriptive method due to its suitability for the nature and objectives of the study. The sample consisted of 120 students who were purposively selected. Data were collected through a series of anthropometric measurements and physical fitness tests and were subsequently analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings enabled the researcher to identify and select a representative school handball team. The study also demonstrated that the periodic establishment of normative standards for selected anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics provides an effective means of monitoring changes in players’ abilities. Such standards can serve as reliable indicators for talent identification and selection, thereby facilitating the work of physical education teachers and coaches in the process of selecting school handball teams.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Normative Standards; Anthropometric Measurements; Physical Fitness Attributes; Evaluation; Handball.
  topic: keywords
creator: عبد السلام رابح
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-15
publication date: 2026-06-15
starting page: 51
ending page: 34

The Effect of a Physical Training Program on Children with Diabetes in Khartoum State
type: item
description: This study aimed to examine the effect of a physical training program on children with diabetes in Khartoum State. The researcher employed an experimental design, utilizing a single-group pre-test and post-test approach. The study relied on insulin testing as the method for data collection. A random sampling method was used to select a study sample of 40 children diagnosed with diabetes. Key findings from the study include statistically significant differences between pre-test and post-test measurements, favoring the post-test in blood sugar levels. The study recommends raising awareness among children with diabetes and their families about the importance of physical activity. It also suggests the development of a tailored nutritional program to regulate blood sugar levels in children and the establishment of specialized physical training centers for children with diabetes.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Children; Physical Training; Diabetes.
  topic: keywords
creator: أ د/ عوض يس احمد محمود
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-15
publication date: 2026-06-15
starting page: 33
ending page: 27

The role of Palestinian sports media in spreading health, social and national culture among Palestinian university students in light of the Israeli wars
type: item
description: This study aimed to identify the role of sports media in promoting health, social, and national awareness among Palestinian university students during the Israeli wars. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers adopted the descriptive-analytical approach. The study population consisted of students from An-Najah National University and Al-Quds University, while a random sample of 300 male and female students from the faculties of physical education at both universities was selected. A questionnaire was used as the main instrument for data collection after its validity and reliability had been established. Following data collection and statistical analysis, the results indicated that the role of sports media in promoting health, social, and national awareness among Palestinian university students during the Israeli wars was moderate. The findings also revealed no statistically significant differences in students’ perceptions of the role of sports media attributable to gender and academic year variables. Based on these findings, the researchers recommended strengthening the role of sports media in promoting health, social, and national awareness among Palestinian university students and developing sports media programs that contribute to enhancing awareness, national belonging, and social cohesion.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Sports Media; Health Awareness; Social Awareness; National Awareness.
  topic: keywords
creator: معتز سعدي القاعود
creator: أ.د. محمد حسين النظاري
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-15
publication date: 2026-06-15
starting page: 26
ending page: 12

The role of sports activity in improving the psychological well-being of students with special needs - Field study at the University of M'sila –
type: item
description: This study aimed to identify the role of sports activity in improving the psychological well-being of university students with special needs and to examine differences in their psychological well-being according to gender and sports participation. The researchers adopted the descriptive approach, using the Psychological Well-Being Scale (Global Life Satisfaction Index) developed by Cummins and translated and adapted by Tilwin Habib (2009). The study sample consisted of 32 male and female students with special needs at Mohamed Boudiaf University of M’sila, including both practitioners and non-practitioners of sports activities during the 2022/2023 academic year. Participants were selected using the comprehensive survey method from various academic specializations. The findings revealed that sports activity plays a positive role in enhancing the psychological well-being of students with special needs. The results also showed statistically significant differences in psychological well-being according to gender, in favor of males, as well as statistically significant differences according to sports participation, in favor of students who regularly practice sports activities. In light of these findings, the study highlights the importance of encouraging students with special needs to engage in sports activities due to their positive impact on psychological well-being and overall quality of life.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Sports Activity; Psychological Well-Being; University Students; Individuals with Special Needs.
  topic: keywords
creator: هدال ياسين
creator: حمديني إسحاق
creator: خوجة عادل
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-15
publication date: 2026-06-15
starting page: 11
ending page: 01

The extent to which the objectives of physical education and sports for primary school students are achieved according to the new curriculum, version 2023
type: item
description: This study aims to identify the reality of sports practice in primary schools in Ali Mendjeli City, Constantine. To achieve this objective, the following main research question was formulated: What is the reality of sports practice in primary education? Two sub-questions emerged from this main question: What is the reality of curricular sports practice in primary education? and What is the reality of extracurricular sports practice in primary education? The significance of this study lies in providing a scientific perspective and practical recommendations that may contribute to enhancing school sports at the primary education level. To achieve the study objectives, the descriptive-analytical method was adopted. The study population consisted of primary schools in Ali Mendjeli City (Constantine), while the sample included primary school principals and teachers, as well as physical education and sports teachers in middle and secondary schools responsible for promoting school sports activities. A questionnaire specifically designed for this study was used as the main data collection instrument. It comprised several dimensions covering the study variables. Following data collection, statistical processing, analysis, and interpretation, the findings provided answers to the research questions concerning the reality of curricular and extracurricular sports practice in primary education.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Sports Practice; School Sports; Curricular Sports Activities; Extracurricular Sports Activities.
  topic: keywords
creator: ابراهيم سنوسي
creator: محمد مرتات
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-14
publication date: 2026-06-14
starting page: 99
ending page: 74

The Reality of Sports Practice in Primary Education
type: item
description: This study aims to identify the reality of sports practice in primary schools in Ali Mendjeli City, Constantine. To achieve this objective, the following main research question was formulated: What is the reality of sports practice in primary education? Two sub-questions emerged from this main question: What is the reality of curricular sports practice in primary education? and What is the reality of extracurricular sports practice in primary education? The significance of this study lies in providing a scientific perspective and practical recommendations that may contribute to enhancing school sports at the primary education level. To achieve the study objectives, the descriptive-analytical method was adopted. The study population consisted of primary schools in Ali Mendjeli City (Constantine), while the sample included primary school principals and teachers, as well as physical education and sports teachers in middle and secondary schools responsible for promoting school sports activities. A questionnaire specifically designed for this study was used as the main data collection instrument. It comprised several dimensions covering the study variables. Following data collection, statistical processing, analysis, and interpretation, the findings provided answers to the research questions concerning the reality of curricular and extracurricular sports practice in primary education.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Sports Practice; School Sports; Curricular Sports Activities; Extracurricular Sports Activities.
  topic: keywords
creator: عرب الشعب موسى
creator: جوبر مروان
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-14
publication date: 2026-06-14
starting page: 73
ending page: 54

The Reality of Sports Activities Adopted in Kindergarten Programs and Their Contribution to Achieving Social Integration among Children Aged 3–5 Years
type: item
description: Kindergartens are educational institutions capable of creating all the conditions and opportunities to provide comfort and joy to children, enabling them to develop at their own pace and in a psychological, mental, physical, social and religious manner. The kindergarten is a temporary extension of the family’s role. Experiences have proven that it has many benefits to the child’s moral and social well-being. A thing which makes it look like a natural institution in the social life of any civilized society. Also, it is the initiation of the child’s success in his educational career. Moreover, it reduces the phenomenon of school dropout and failure which overburdens the government and charges it with great expenses. Thus, investing in the development of this institution can bring significant advantages to the individual and the society.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Sports Activities; Kindergartens; Social Integration; Kindergartens’ programs.
  topic: keywords
creator: يمينة قوجيل
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-14
publication date: 2026-06-14
starting page: 53
ending page: 35

The Historical Evolution and Importance of Adapted Physical and Sports Activities for People with Disabilities in Algeria
type: item
description: This study examines the evolution of sports for individuals with disabilities in Algeria, highlighting its progression from modest local efforts to advanced national programs. Adaptive physical activity is defined as activities modified to suit the needs and capabilities of persons with disabilities, and the study explores methods for adapting these activities through specialized equipment and rule modifications. The research emphasizes the importance of such activities in enhancing the physical and mental well-being of people with disabilities, focusing on the foundations and principles such as individual adaptation and providing a supportive environment. Sports for people with disabilities are categorized according to types of disabilities, and the study discusses the hierarchical organization of special education programs to ensure effective and comprehensive education. Finally, the research outlines the various benefits of adapted physical education, including improved physical and mental fitness, enhanced social interaction, and increased independence for individuals with disabilities.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Adapted Physical and Sports Activities; People with Disabilities
  topic: keywords
creator: محمد الشريف مهدي
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-14
publication date: 2026-06-14
starting page: 34
ending page: 22

Heat-Related Injuries in Football Players: Causes, Symptoms, and Solutions
type: item
description: The study aims to highlight the negative effects of physical training in hot environments on football players, as high temperatures and humidity constitute major challenges during training sessions and competitive matches, The study examines the main physiological changes that occur in the body as a result of exposure to heat stress during physical exertion and their impact on athletic performance, It also reviews the most common heat-related illnesses and injuries, including heat exhaustion, heat cramps, heat syncope, heat fatigue, and heat stroke, while discussing their causes, symptoms, and preventive measures. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of heat acclimatization as a physiological adaptation process that enhances athletes’ ability to tolerate hot environmental conditions and reduces associated health risks. The study concludes that adherence to preventive guidelines, gradual training progression, adequate hydration and electrolyte replacement, and the selection of appropriate training times are among the most effective strategies for preserving players’ health and optimizing performance in hot climates.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: the heat exhaustion; heat stroke; heat cramps; football players.
  topic: keywords
creator: د.قرين وليد
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-14
publication date: 2026-06-14
starting page: 21
ending page: 13

The importance of sports in reducing aggressive behavior among primary school children
type: item
description: The current study attempted to reveal the importance of sport in reducing aggressive behavior among primary school students, as sport is not an activity concerned with the formation of the individual in the physical aspect only, but is considered as an integrated socially, emotionally and educationally unit that addresses the body and mind together, and works to develop and improve some unwanted behaviors, and considering aggression A common phenomenon in the school environment (tantrums of possessiveness, for example) in the child, leads us to say that exercising periodically will make the child feel relaxed and a kind of psychological and social adjustment, so efforts must be intensified and energies be harnessed to research in such areas, and from it we ask the question whether sport has a role In reducing the aggressive behavior among children?
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Sports; Aggressive behavior; Primary stage
  topic: keywords
creator: سعاد علام
creator: حليمة قادري
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-14
publication date: 2026-06-14
starting page: 12
ending page: 1

The Role of Biomechanical Analysis in Enhancing Athletic Performance and Reducing Injuries
type: item
description: Biomechanical analysis is a fundamental pillar in enhancing athletic performance and reducing injuries, combining principles of physics and anatomy to analyze the dynamics of human movement. This science aids in identifying and correcting motion errors, thereby improving efficiency, and plays a vital role in injury prevention by detecting improper movement patterns. Key technologies used in biomechanical analysis include high-speed cameras, force plates, and 3D imaging, which provide precise data to optimize performance and reduce joint strain. With rapid technological advancements, real-time evaluations are now possible using portable tools, enabling coaches to offer immediate recommendations. Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence and big data allows for personalized training plans and performance analysis tailored to each athlete’s needs, improving efficiency and reducing injury rates. Research highlights that biomechanical analysis is not merely a tool for performance enhancement but also a critical measure for ensuring athlete safety. Therefore, investing in the development and adoption of this science and its technologies is essential for advancing sports and safeguarding the health of athletes in the future.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Biomechanical Analysis; Athletic Performance Optimization; Injury Prevention in Sports
  topic: keywords
creator: Younes TAOULILIT
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 72
ending page: 63

Eating Behaviors, Physical Activity, and Health
type: item
description: This study aims to highlight the interactive relationship between eating behaviors, physical activity, and their impact on physical and mental health. It examines the role of healthy dietary habits in preventing chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer, while identifying the social, psychological, economic, and environmental factors that influence eating behaviors. The study also discusses the major eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder, as well as their health and psychological consequences. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of regular physical activity in improving physical fitness, mental well-being, and reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Special attention is given to the interaction between nutrition and physical activity as complementary components of a healthy lifestyle. The study concludes that adopting balanced eating habits and engaging in regular physical activity are essential strategies for promoting public health, preventing disease, and enhancing quality of life.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Eating Behaviors; Physical Activity; Health.
  topic: keywords
creator: Heddouche Aissa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 62
ending page: 50

Setting standard levels for the evaluation of health-related fitness items for schoolchildren
type: item
description: This study aims to reveal the health status of schoolchildren, through a set of measurements and tests, especially health-related physical fitness elements by identifying and preparing standard levels of health-related physical fitness elements (cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength fitness and body mass index). Diagnosis is an important process that helps to predict, which can only be by the presence of diagnostic measurements and tests in order to put the examined cases in digital templates indicating a certain degree or a certain level, through which we can develop programs for treatment, correction or strengthening and strengthening, and this is known as evaluation. The research was conducted on a sample of school pupils (13-19 years old) numbering 1200 pupils. After analyzing and discussing the results, we found that most of the standard levels of health-related fitness elements of the research sample are within the acceptable level for both sexes, although the BMI was within a healthy weight (17.3-24.1) This can cause some health problems for this age group, especially in the coming age stages, such as obesity, blood pressure and spinal deviations.
subject: المقالات
  topic: section
subject: Health; Fitness; normative levels; body mass index; cardio fitness; muscular strength.
  topic: keywords
creator: عبد القادر ناصر
creator: عبد القادر زيتوني
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 49
ending page: 39