Parental Violence and Emotional Attachment: Their Impact on the Formation of Children's Relationships

Abstract

This study aims to examine the relationship between family violence and children's emotional attachment, highlighting their impact on the development of social and interpersonal relationships throughout childhood and beyond. The study adopts a descriptive–analytical approach based on a critical review of the scientific literature and major theoretical frameworks, particularly Attachment Theory, to explore the psychological and social consequences of children's exposure to family violence. The analysis demonstrates that family violence, whether physical, psychological, or emotional, significantly undermines the development of secure attachment and increases the likelihood of insecure attachment patterns, including anxious, avoidant, and disorganized attachment. These attachment disturbances are associated with impaired emotional regulation, diminished interpersonal trust, poor social competence, and difficulties in establishing and maintaining healthy relationships. Furthermore, the adverse effects of early exposure to family violence may persist into adulthood, contributing to long-term psychological maladjustment and the intergenerational transmission of dysfunctional relational patterns and violent behaviors. The study emphasizes the pivotal role of psychological interventions, family-centered support, and preventive programs in mitigating the harmful effects of family violence. Strengthening secure attachment and promoting children's socio-emotional competencies are essential for fostering resilience, enhancing psychological well-being, and supporting the development of healthy and adaptive interpersonal relationships.